rfc:size_t_and_int64

PHP RFC: 64 bit platform improvements for string length and integer in zval

Introduction

Current PHP zval datatype implementation uses long datatype to handle signed integer and int datatype to handle string length. The most 64 bit capable platforms PHP is used on are LP64 (Linux/most Unix-like), LLP64 (Windows), ILP64 (SPARC64). The data model used for the relevant datatypes on those platforms looks as follows

string size signed integer
Platform int long
LP64 32 bit 64 bit
LLP64 32 bit 32 bit
ILP64 64 bit 64 bit


Regarding PHP that means today, even on 64 bit platforms the following features lack on consistency

  • handling of strings >= 2^31
  • handling of 64 bit integers
  • large file support
  • handling of numeric 64 bit hash keys


Thus, the current situation contains a roadblock on the way to the overall consistent 64 bit platforms support and further improvement of PHP.

To bring everything inline, a dynamic types model is being suggested. Besides the platform inconsistency elimination, this will enable several further moves (see the Future scope). Performance improvements for 64 bit platforms, just to name one, could be then the subject of a new RFC and would have the base for the further development.

Proposal

The following datatypes are suggested for use in zval

Platform string size signed integer
LP64 size_t int64_t
LLP64 size_t __int64
ILP64 size_t int64_t


Those datatypes are guaranteed to be 64 bit which makes PHP work consistent on any 64 bit platforms. The usage of this datatypes is integrated into the appropriate places across PHP. The size of zval, with default field alignment, is expected to grow by 4 bytes on LLP64 platforms only.

For the consistent LFS support, a set of portable datatypes and macros was invented and integrated.

For consistent 64 bit numeric hash keys support, the appropriate 64 bit unsigned was integrated.

The usage of long datatype continues on 32 bit platforms, the only change there is the usage of unsigned for the string length.

No further configure options are needed, the platform and compiler will be automatically recognized and an appropriate set of datatypes and macros will be activated.

Relevant headers

New portable datatypes

Old datatype New datatype Comment
int, uint, zend_uint, size_t, long zend_size_t Overall datatype to handle object size and string length in zval. Aliased as php_size_t in php.h
long zend_int_t Overall datatype to handle integers in zval. Aliased with php_int_t in php.h
ulong, unsigned long zend_uint_t Overall datatype to handle numeric hash indexes and other situations with need on an unsigned. Aliased with php_uint_t in php.h
off_t, _off_t zend_off_t Overall datatype to handle file offsets. Corresponding portable macros have to be used.
struct stat, struct _stat, struct _stat64 zend_stat_t Overall datatype to handle the FS info. Corresponding portable macros have to be used.


New portable macros for LFS support

function(s) Alias Comment
stat, _stat64 zend_stat for use with zend_stat_t
fstat, _fstat64 zend_fstat for use with zend_stat_t
lseek, _lseeki64 zend_lseek for use with zend_off_t
ftell, _ftelli64 zend_ftell for use with zend_off_t
fseek, _fseeki64 zend_fseek for use with zend_off_t


New portable macros for integers

function(s) Alias Comment
snprintf with “%ld” or “%lld”, _ltoa_s, _i64toa_s ZEND_ITOA for use with zend_int_t
atol, atoll, _atoi64 ZEND_ATOI for use with zend_int_t
strtol, strtoll, _strtoi64 ZEND_STRTOL for use with zend_int_t
strtoul, strtoull, _strtoui64 ZEND_STRTOULfor use with zend_int_t
abs, llabs, _abs64 ZEND_ABS for use with zend_int_t
- ZEND_INT_MAX Aliased with PHP_INT_MAX in php.h, replaces LONG_MAX where appropriate
- ZEND_INT_MIN Aliased with PHP_INT_IN in php.h, replaces LONG_MIN where appropriate
- ZEND_UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX
- SIZEOF_ZEND_INT Replaces SIZEOF_ZEND_LONG where appropriate
- ZEND_SIZE_MAX Max value of zend_size_t


Semantical macro renamings (Vote 2)

Old New Comment
Z_STRLEN Z_STRSIZE as well the whole Z_STRLEN_* family
IS_LONG IS_INT
RETURN_LONG RETURN_INT
RETVAL_LONG RETVAL_INT
Z_LVAL Z_IVAL as well the whole Z_LVAL_* family
LITERAL_LONG LITERAL_INT
REGISTER_LONG_CONSTANT REGISTER_INT_CONSTANT
REGISTER_MAIN_LONG_CONSTANT REGISTER_MAIN_INT_CONSTANT
ZEND_SIGNED_MULTIPLY_LONG ZEND_SIGNED_MULTIPLY_INT
... ...

Generally speaking, every occurence mentioning “long” in macros or function names should be replaced with a corresponding neutral keyword, suggested “int”, in further like “lval” with “ival”, etc.

NOTE: the macro renamings change is up to the vote (Vote 2). Depending on the vote results, the macro renamings can be reverted and will become a topic of the later cleanup RFC.


Accepting values with zend_parse_parameters() (Vote 3)

Old New Comment
“s” “S” accept string argument, the length has to be declared as php_size_t (or zend_size_t)
“p” “P” accept path argument, the length has to be declared as php_size_t (or zend_size_t)
“l” “i” to accept integer argument, the internal var has to be declared as php_int_t (inside PHP) or zend_int_t (inside Zend)
“L” “I” to accept integer argument with range check, the internal var has to be declared as php_int_t (inside PHP) or zend_int_t (inside Zend)

NOTE: please take in account the voting option for retaining compatibility with old specs (Vote 3). Should the availability of the older specs be voted positive, the patch will be extended with them as aliases. The actual removal will be then the subject of the later cleanup RFC.

spprintf formats

New spprintf modifier 'p' was implemented to platform independently output php_int_t datatype. That modifier can be used with 'd', 'u', 'x' and 'o' printf format specs with spprintf, snprintf and the wrapping printf implementations.

Portable macros to use with printf

Format spec Macros Comment
%I64d, “%” PRId64, %ld ZEND_INT_FMT for use with zend_int_t
%I64u, %lu ZEND_UINT_FMT for use with zend_uint_t

This modifier is of course available in all the spprintf/snprintf derivatives. Any of the introduced new datatypes can be used with the appropriate format spec.


Backward Incompatible Changes

  • long and int in zval have to be replaced with the new integer datatypes
  • code working with hashes and arrays has to use php_uint_t
  • code working with filesystem objects has to use appropriate portable macros and datatypes
  • code working with string lengths has to predominatly use php_size_t

NOTE the items below are to be considered in the vote (Vote 2 and 3), depending on it the patch might change. The essential part about the usage of new datatypes (Vote 1) will remain unaffected, the votes 2 and 3 are merely about the semantic changes.

  • 'l', 'L', 's', 'p' parameter formats aren't available anymore
  • Z_STRLEN*, *LONG*, etc. older macros aren't available anymore

Proposed PHP Version

PHP 5.6

Impacts

  • possible collisions with dependency libraries using 32 bit integer datatypes (range checks needed)
  • existing extensions have to adapt zend_parsing_parameters() format
  • existing extensions have to use new APIs and macros for string length and integer
  • in the user space some function names need to be adapted on the new semantics, for instance long2ip() should be int2ip()

Open Issues

Some dead SAPIs are present in the core. They was not ported. A decision based on whether the authors are willing to support them has to be met. Then porting or removal of those SAPIs can be scheduled. The separate RFC https://wiki.php.net/rfc/removal_of_dead_sapis was created to handle this issue.

Unaffected PHP Functionality

It has to do with squeezing anything possible from the 64 bit platforms, for maximal PHP benefit. No real features are going to be changed, removed or added to the PHP language.

Some performance comparsion

PHP Version Wordpress Drupal Joomla
str_size_and_int64-x86 NoCache: 68 NoCache: 70 NoCache: 53
- Cache: 284 Cache: 393 Cache: 127
php-5.5.8-nts-Win32-VC11-x86 NoCache: 67 NoCache: 69 NoCache: 53
- Cache: 280 Cache: 390 Cache: 125
str_size_and_int64-x64 NoCache: 58 NoCache: 64 NoCache: 50
- Cache: 313* Cache: 348* Cache: 100*
php-5.5.8-nts-Win32-VC11-x64 NoCache: 59 NoCache: 65 NoCache: 51
- Cache: 270* Cache: ** Cache: **

The numbers here are the test scores one already might have seen in the other performance tests.

*, ** Some issues with the x64 versions of 5.5.8 and str_size_and_int64 when testing with opcache enabled. However issues of this kind are well known on windows (for instance #64926) and are due to some unluckily choosen memory address. So the cause persists in the mainstream and is not because of this patch.

Migration path for PECL extensions

Tutorial, tools and compatibility header to ease the migration of the PECL extensions are available. The goal is to make the same source in the new semantic compatible with older PHP versions.

Example on accepting parameters with zpp

	php_int_t i0, i1;
	char *s0, p0;
	php_size_t s0_len, p0_len;
 
	if(zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "iISP", &i0, &i1, &s0, &s0_len, &p0, &p0_len) == FAILURE) {
		return;
	}

Example on printf specs usage

	php_int_t i0;
 
	if(zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "i"), &i0) == FAILURE) {
		return;
	}
 
	if (INT_MAX < i0 || INT_MIN > i0) {
		php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Value '" ZEND_INT_FMT "' is out of range", i0);
		return;
	}

Example on printf specs usage (no BC)

	php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Value '%pd' is out of range", i0);

Example proper check of string size

	char *s0;
	php_size_t s0_len;
	php_int_t max_len;
 
	if(zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "Si", &s0, &s0_len, &max_len) == FAILURE) {
		return;
	}
 
	if (max_len >= 0 && s0_len > max_len) {
		return;
	}


Example with some renamed macros

char *dup_substr(zval *s, zval *i)
{
	php_size_t len;
	php_int_t max;
	char ret;
 
	convert_to_string(s);
	convert_to_int(i);
 
	len = Z_STRSIZE_P(s);
	max = Z_IVAL(i);
 
	if (max < 0 || max >= 0 && max > len)
	{
	return NULL;
	}
 
	ret = emalloc((max + 1) * sizeof(char));
 
	if (!ret) {
		return NULL;
	}
 
	memmove(ret, Z_STRVAL_P(s), max);
	ret[max] = '\0';
 
	return ret;
}

Future Scope

  • in far perspective - easier to implement 128 bit support
  • in near perspective - excellent base for 64 bit performance optimization
  • easier integration on rarely used platforms
  • easier integration on new platforms

Vote

The Vote 1 is the main vote for this patch. The both Votes 2 and 3 are merely to decide about the semantical replacements choosen for the patch. Should the Votes 2 and 3 result in reverting of that semantical changes, the essential patch part about the 64 bit support will not be hurt. Fixing the macro names or zpp specs is only the naming issue.

The vote begins Monday, 27 January 2014, 21:30 CET and ends Monday, 03 February 2014, 21:30 CET.

Vote 1

Merge this RFC into PHP-5.6 having regard to Vote 2 and 3
Real name Yes No
ab (ab)  
adobkin (adobkin)  
aharvey (aharvey)  
ajf (ajf)  
andi (andi)  
andrey (andrey)  
auroraeosrose (auroraeosrose)  
bjori (bjori)  
bukka (bukka)  
chobieeee (chobieeee)  
colder (colder)  
datibbaw (datibbaw)  
derick (derick)  
dmitry (dmitry)  
ericsten (ericsten)  
jmcastagnetto (jmcastagnetto)  
jpauli (jpauli)  
kalle (kalle)  
krakjoe (krakjoe)  
levim (levim)  
lstrojny (lstrojny)  
malukenho (malukenho)  
mattficken (mattficken)  
nikic (nikic)  
pajoye (pajoye)  
pollita (pollita)  
rasmus (rasmus)  
remi (remi)  
sixd (sixd)  
stas (stas)  
szarkos (szarkos)  
tyrael (tyrael)  
uw (uw)  
yohgaki (yohgaki)  
zeev (zeev)  
Final result: 15 20
This poll has been closed.


Vote 2

Keep the old macro names for LONG vs. INT, STRLEN vs. STRSIZE, etc.
Real name Yes No
ab (ab)  
adobkin (adobkin)  
aharvey (aharvey)  
andi (andi)  
andrey (andrey)  
auroraeosrose (auroraeosrose)  
bjori (bjori)  
bukka (bukka)  
chobieeee (chobieeee)  
derick (derick)  
dmitry (dmitry)  
ericsten (ericsten)  
jmcastagnetto (jmcastagnetto)  
jpauli (jpauli)  
kalle (kalle)  
krakjoe (krakjoe)  
levim (levim)  
lstrojny (lstrojny)  
malukenho (malukenho)  
mattficken (mattficken)  
pajoye (pajoye)  
pollita (pollita)  
rasmus (rasmus)  
remi (remi)  
sixd (sixd)  
stas (stas)  
szarkos (szarkos)  
uw (uw)  
yohgaki (yohgaki)  
zeev (zeev)  
Final result: 13 17
This poll has been closed.


Vote 3

Keep zpp specs l, L, s, p as aliases to i, I, S, P
Real name Yes No
ab (ab)  
adobkin (adobkin)  
aharvey (aharvey)  
andi (andi)  
andrey (andrey)  
auroraeosrose (auroraeosrose)  
bjori (bjori)  
brianlmoon (brianlmoon)  
bukka (bukka)  
chobieeee (chobieeee)  
derick (derick)  
dmitry (dmitry)  
ericsten (ericsten)  
jmcastagnetto (jmcastagnetto)  
jpauli (jpauli)  
kalle (kalle)  
krakjoe (krakjoe)  
levim (levim)  
lstrojny (lstrojny)  
malukenho (malukenho)  
mattficken (mattficken)  
nikic (nikic)  
pajoye (pajoye)  
pollita (pollita)  
rasmus (rasmus)  
remi (remi)  
sixd (sixd)  
stas (stas)  
szarkos (szarkos)  
uw (uw)  
yohgaki (yohgaki)  
zeev (zeev)  
Final result: 15 17
This poll has been closed.


Patches and Tests

References

Implementation

After the project is implemented, this section should contain

  1. the version(s) it was merged to
  2. a link to the git commit(s)
  3. a link to the PHP manual entry for the feature

Rejected Features

-

rfc/size_t_and_int64.txt · Last modified: 2017/09/22 13:28 by 127.0.0.1